Telegraphy.



PATENTED MAY 16, 1905.

P. B- DELANY.

I TELEGRAPHY'. APP'LIIOATIONHIILED 1mm 30. 1902;

s'snnnrs-snnm 1.

WITNESSES:

ratus at the same station.

UNITED STATES Patented May 16, 1905.

PATENT OFFICE.

TELEGRAPHY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters fPatent'No. 790,193, dated May16,1905. Application filed 111118.30, 1902. Serial No. 113,779.

1'0 all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, PATRICK B. DELANY, a citizen of the United States,residing at South Orange,county'of Essex, State of New Jersey,

have invented certain new and useful Impr0ve-' ments in Telegraphy, ofwhich the following is a specification.

This invention relates to machine or autodescribed.

In the accompanying drawings, Figures 1 .and 2 are respectivelydiagrammatic illustrations of the transmitting and receiving appa- Ifig.1*. shows the Morse set and its circuit connections at the same station;Fig. 3, a diagrammatic view indicating an arrangement by which eachcurrent sent from a perforation of thetransmitting-tape is caused toincrease to a maximum and correspondingly decline. so that when impulsesof alternating polarity are sent the line indicating them graphicallywould be sinusoidal; Fig. 4:, a similar View indicating a modifiedarrangement of devices for accomplishing the same purpose. Fig. 5 showsa piece of perforated transmitti ng-tape that may be employed in thissystem.

Figs: 1 and 2 taken together show the equipment at one terminal of aline, X being the transmitter and Y the receiver. A switch A in oneposition connects a Morse set and its battery to line and in anotherposition, through the circuit-wirea, connects either the transmitter orreceiver to line, as will presently be described. At the transmitter, Bindicates the reel carrying the transmitter-strip. b indicates the strip(which is broken away) shown as passing along a gutter or trough 0between drawing-rolls D E to a receiving-reel F. In the trough C is anopening 0, on opposite sides of which, respectively, are the uppersignaltransmitting contact-fingers G and the lower ones, H Those G areelectrically connected and are shown as mounted in a pivoted block ofinsulating material 9, having an upwardlyextending arm 9, to which isapplied a spring 9 that normally tends to throw the fingers applied aspring 71,, the reaction of which normally tends to throw the lower endof'the lever downwardly into an opening 0 in the trough. Normally thelever is held up against the tension of the spring by the tape passingover the opening; but when at the comple-' tion of the transmission thetape finally passes from under the lever I-I its upper end is permittedto strike the contact it to lift it from the contact if, and therebyprevent short-circuiting of the transmittingbattery MB, as hereinafterdescribed. A bar I, arranged longitudinally above the trough, isnormally urged to the right by reaction of the spring 2', applied to thelever I, and when in the right-hand position pins g and 71,3 thereon actto lift and hold out of action the upper contact-fingers G and the leverH, as well as, by meansof the'latch E, the spring-pressed drawing-rollEN The lower drawing-roll D may be continuously driven from apower-driven gear D through a gear-wheel (Z, and the spindle on whichthe receiving-reel F is fri ctionally mounted may also be 'positivelydriven from the wheel D by pulley (Z and belt (Z When the transmitter isin operation, the bar I is held in its left-hand position bya latch 1',carried by the armature of a magnet J.

The general construction and arrangement of the transmitter thus fardescribed form no part of the present invention.

Aswitch for controlling circuit connections at the transmitter ispreferably arranged as follows and preferably actuated by the bar I. Onthe right-hand end of this bar is a twoarmed switch-plate K, one arm ofwhich sweeps an elongated contact 75 and the other arm three insulatedcontacts 70 F, the circuit connections of which will presently bedescribed.

'At the receiver, M is the roll of chemicallyprepared receiving-tape; M,the drum over which it passes and which may be continuously driven; F,the frictionally-mounted receiving-reel, the spindle of which may be'continuously-driven from the shaft of the drum M by a belt connection MN is the pivoted block, carrying recording- 7 fingers, and O thepressure-roll, cooperating with the drum in the feed of thereceivingstrip. When the receiver is not in operation, both the membersN O are held away from the drum by pins n on a longitudinally-movablebar P, which is held in the right-hand position by a latch 9, carried bythe armature of the magnet Q, while the springs 0 and a normally tend tourge it to the left and to throw the recording-fingers and pressure-rolldown upon the drum.

At the receiver there is a switch for controlling the circuitconnections, which is preferably operated by the bar P and constructedand arranged as follows: A switch-plate R, attached to the bar, has twoarms,one of which sweeps an elongated contact 9-, while the othercooperates with insulated contacts 7* When the operator at the distantstation wishes to transmit a message automatically from a prepared tape,he signals the receivingoperator on the Morse set which is normallyconnected with the line. The receiving operator indicates his readinessto receive the message and immediately throws the switch A to thecircuit-wire a. The operator at the sending-station then presses the keyS against its anvil s and pushes the lever I to the left, where it isheld by the latch j. This causes the switch K to pass from the contactto 70, and in doing so it momentarily completes a circuit throughcontact W. This sends an impulse to line from one pole of the split mainbattery MB, the circuit being as follows: by wire 1 to key SS and'wire 2to switch-contact 71: thence by switch-plate K and contact 70 to wire 3,and thence to contact 1" of the sending operators receiver and byswitch-plate R and contact 1 of that switch and wire 4 to circuit-wirea, which is connected with the line. This impulse arriving at thedistant station, its course may be traced from Figs. 1 and 2 as follows:by wire a to contacts a r of the switch R, thence by wire 3 to contacts7c is of switch K, thence by wire 5 through the windings of thepolarized relay T to ground or return, throwing the relay-armature toits live contact t, and thereby completing the circuit of the localbattery Z6, through the coils of the magnet Q,which, attracting itsarmature, withdraws the latch q from the bar P, which then by thereaction of the springs a 0 is moved to the left and permits therecording-fingers and pressure-roll O to descend upon thecontinuously-driven drum M. At the same time a pin 0 on the levercarrying the roll 0 comes against a lever O and forces the tooth or pawlO at its lower end out of engagement with the ratchet-wheel forming partof the frictionally-mounted reel F and permits its r0- tation. Thedistant receiver is now in operation, as is also thesending-transmitter, by reason of the fact that the movement of the barIto the left has permitted the upper contact-fingers G and the upperfeed-roll E to descend, and in the downward movement of the latter a pina on the bell-crank lever in which it is mounted bears upon the upperend of a lever E and moves the tooth or pawl E at its lower end outofengagement with the ratchet of the frictionally-inounted reel F, whichis then revolved to draw the transmitting-tape through the trough C,under the lever H, and between the upper and lower contact-lingers G H,the latter fingers being connected to opposite poles of thetransmittingbattery M B. The movement of the bar P to the left at thestation where the message is now being received transfers theswitch-plate R from the contact 1- to the contact 2', thereby cuttingout of circuit the wires 3 and 5 and relay T and introducing into thecircuit of the main line the wire 6, connected to the recording-fingerV, from which the circuit is completed through the chemically-preparedtape to the electrically-connected fingers V, thence by wire 7 throughthe coils of the polarized relay W, to ground or return. The relay beingconnected in series with the recording or marking finger is shunted toreduce the self-induction of the relay and the resistance of the circuitso that signaling-currents will not affect it sufficientl y to throw itsarmature,which will remain against its dead-stop,toward which abiasing-spring tends to draw it. At the same time this relay issufiiciently susceptible to respond to a somewhat-prolonged impulse ofproper polarity sent from the distant station, as hereinafter described,after transmission is completed or at any time that the transmittingoperator wishes to arrest the receiver. Any such impulse designed tostop or throw the receiver out of action will cause the armature of therelay to pass to its live contact w, thereby completing circuit of thelocal battery Z7), including the winding of a magnet VV, whose armaturebeing attracted delivers a blow upon the end of the bar P and moving itto the right until it is engaged by the latch q throws the roll 0 andthe recording-fingers upwardly and leaves the receiver out of action.

In the construction of the receiver thus far described the employment ofastarting-relay which is replaced in the circuit by a stoppi ngrelay isa feature of this invention, as is also the provision of switches such,for instance, as R and K of the companion receiver and transmitter,which afford the circuit connections for performing the operations whichhave been described.

In order that the receiving operator may at will arrest the distanttransmitting instrument, the following arrangement is provided: Anelectromagnet X, shunted by an adjustable resistance, has one terminalof its winding connected by wire 8 with the electricallyconnected uppercontact lingers (,r, from whencethe circuit is completed through per- Iforations of the transmitting-tape to the lower contact-fingers H oneset or group of which is connected through resistance Rh with one poleof the main battery MB and the other group or set of which is connectedthrough resistance Rh to wire 9, thence through the normally closedcontacts it b and wire 10 to the opposite pole of the battery, which isgrounded at its middle. The other side of the Winding of magnet X isconnected by wire 11 with switch-contact from whence the circuit passesby switch-contact Z: and wire 3 to the companion receiver-switchcontacts 7* and a and by wire l, a, and the switch A to line. The magnetX is so adjusted that the message impulses from the battery MB passingin its winding will not be sufiicient to attract its armature to itsfront stop w. The operator at the distant receiver may arrest thetransmitting instrument by throwing a current of either polarity uponthe line which, reinforcing the current impulse from one of thesectionsof the main battery MB, will be sufiicient to cause the magnet Xtoattract its armatureto the front stop 00, thereby closing a localcircuit of the battery lb which in cludes the winding of the magnet Jand which on being so energized attracts its armature and releases thelatch from the bar I, which is then thrown to the right by spring 2',thereby causing the elevation of the drawing-roll E,transmitting-fingers G, and lever H. The distant receiving operator mayconveniently send such an impulse by'moving the switch A to connect hisMorse instruments and battery in circuit with the line and thendepressing his Morse key. The inclusion of the transmitterarrestingmagnet X in the line-circuit in series with the transmitting-fingers isa feature of this invention.

The transmitting operator may arrest the receiving instrument at anytime by sending an impulse over theline of proper polarity to actuatethe polarized relay W. This may be done by throwing his switch A to hisMorse set and closing the Morse key.

The distant receiver is automatically arrested when thetransmitting-tape I) has run out by a prolonged impulse from one-half ofthe main battery MB to line through the transmitting-fingers, which thenpress into contact through the opening 0 in the trough O, and at thesame time the transmitter is arrested by action of magnet X. The runningout of the tape also permits the lower end of the lever H to fall,thereby causing its upper end to strike the spring-contact it, whichbeing lifted from the contact if opens the circuit of the wires '9 10,that serve to connect one group of the lower transmitting-fingersthrough the resistance R/L to one pole of the main battery, therebypreventing short-circuiting of the battery.

fingers have not been completely illustrated, because of thedifliculties of completely showing them with their'circuit connections.The i In Fig. 1 the upper and lower transmitting" No. 536,420, datedMarch 26, 1895. The lower contact-fingers are shown diagrammatically indetail in Fig. 3. The upper transmittingfingers may be arranged in twogroups, but all electrically connected, as in Fig. 1, one group beingfor one line of perforations in the tape and the other group for theother line. Since, however, the upper transmittingfingers areelectrically one, they may be of any appropriate character, although inFig. 1 I have indicated that each set is composed of several wires.Whatever the character of the upper fingers or transmitting contactdevices they should be such as to bridge the perforations in both rows.Below each line of perforations is arranged a group of contact-fingerswhich are marked H H Each group is composed of several metallic piecesor wires electrically insulated from each other and arranged andconnected in Fig. 3, as follows: There are two outer fingers it,electrically connected together and by wire I? with one pole of thedivided battery MB. Just within these outer fingers are two others, [LIt, electrically joined a and connected by wire 7& with the middle of aresistancecoil Rh, (or RM) and finally there is a' central finger 7L8,connected wire it with the upper terminal of the resistance-coil, thelower terminal thereof being directly connected to the battery MB. Thisarrangement thus specifically described has been shown by experience tobe a practical and eflicient one; but I do not intend to restrict myselfto this particular style or kind of fingers and connections foraccomplishing the object soughtnamely, a rise in intensity of the signalimpulse and a corresponding decline. v As a perforation passes betweenthe transmitting-fingers the central one, its, will first enter theperforation and press into the contact with the upper finger or contactdevice, thereby initially completing the circuit for the signalingimpulse through the total resistance Rib. Next the fingers 72/ it onopposite sides of the center one will drop or press into theperforation, and so establish another or branch circuit for the signalimpulse through but one-half of the resistance Bit, and, finally, theouter fingers it will establish a branch circuit to the battery aroundthe resistance. There is there fore in this construction a rise incurrent intensity by three stages to a maximum at the middle part of theimpulse. As the tape passes there will be a corresponding decline inintensity of the impulse, the outer fingers if becircuit between the twofingers ing first cut out of circuit, next the adjoining ones, it, and,finally, the middle one, it In Fig. 4 is shown a modification foreffecting a like result. Here the lower contact device opposite each rowof perforations in the tape is a block of material H of relatively lowconductivity, such as carbon, and is connected directly with thebattery. In this case the upper contact-fingers, all electricallyconnected, may be arranged in a flat series like the contact-fingers H(Shown in Fig. At first the central one would be in contact with theblock H, and then two adjoining ones, and finally the outer ones, whenthe maximum current would be delivered and then the outer ones wouldpass out of contact with the block next the two adjoining them, andfinally the central one. This mode of operation constitutes a prominentfeature of this invention. With circular perforations 1 find that theends of the fingers may all lie in the same transverse lineperpendicular to the tape. Of course they might be otherwise arranged,and would necessarily be, if the perforations were, for instance, squareinstead of circular.

As illustrated in Fig. 2, the roll of chemically-prepared tape M isdeposited in a box 07?. and rests upon a curved series of rollers m,having hearings in opposite walls of the box. Opposite the center of theroll of tape the box is slotted, as indicated at m and the bottom of thebox beneath the lowermost rollers therein is open. This arrangement isdesigned to afford a free delivery of the tape with a small resistanceto the draft exerted by the drawing-rolls and by means of the slots ofto afford a ready means of lifting the roll of tape from the box, andfinally the core or circular block upon which the tape is wound, if suchbe used, will, when the tape is all withdrawn, drop through the openbottom.

Heretofore the drums over which the chemically-prepared receiving-tapeis drawn and against which it is pressed by the recording finger orfingers has been provided with a metallic face. In some cases thismetallic face serves asa part of the circuit, being generally connectedto earth, and where both line and earth contact fingers have beenapplied on the top of the tape a metallic face of the drum has served asa conductor, which together with the tape itself completes the I havefound that where the line and earth contacts are used on the same sideof the tape it is much safer to use a drum with a non-metallic ornon-conducting surface for the reason that should the receiving-tapebreak or run out, permitting the line and earth contacts to connectelectrically through the metal surface of the drum, their ends areliable to be injured by the current, the usual result being theformation of a hard point on the marking or recording linger, whichscratches the tape and fails adequately to respond to the electrolyticaction of the current. As seen in Fig. 2, the drum M has anon-conducting surface and the recording-linger o and the earth orreturn connecting finger V of non-corrosive metal, such as silver orplatinum, both bear upon the upper surface of the tape. 1 have found byexperience that the best results are obtained when the non-markingorearth-connected finger or electrode is forked, so as to bear upon thetape on each side of the marking-linger. This arrangement causes an evencorrosion of the latter linger by passa i of current in oppositedirections to the forked non-marking or earth-connected linger. l havealso found that by making the ends of the non-marking lingercomparatively llatand bending them upwardly or away from the tape theresistance of the circuit is less than if the non-marking linger orlingers had the same surface contact as the recording-linger, and,furthermore, these two llat non-markii'ig fingers serve to keep the tapein proper position on the drum.

I claim as my invention- 1. In an automatic telegraph system, thecombination with a receiver apparatusadapted to be started and stoppedautomatically by current from the distant station, a startingrelayconnected in the line when the receiver is prepared to be automaticallystarted, a stopping-relay normally disconnected from the line, andswitch devices and circuit connections controlled by the receiver bywhich when the receiver is thrown into operation the starting-relay iscut out of, and the stopping-relay included in, the line-circuit.

2. In an automatic telegraph system,a transmitter adapted to beautomatically arrested by current impulse from the distant station andcomprising an arresting-magnet included in the line-circuit in serieswith the signalcurrent-transmitting devices, combined with means at thedistant or receiving end of the line for sending a current to arrest theoperation of the transmitter.

3. In an automatic telegraph system,a transmitting device adapted tocof'iperate with a transmitting-tape and respectively connected with theline and with sources of current of opposite polarity, and anarresting-magnet connected in series with thesignaling-currenttransmitting devices and irresponsive to suchsignal-currents, combined with means at the distant or receiving end ofthe line for transmitting a current thatsupplements the signalcurrent tocause the actuation of the arresting-magnet armature and therebyautomatically stop the transmitter.

4. In an automatic telegraph, an organization at one station comprisingthe combination of a receiver adapted to be automatically thrown intooperation and having an electromagnetic starting device adapted to beactuated by current received from a distant station, a transmitteradapted to be automatically arrested and having an electromagneticarresting device adapted to be operated by a current received from thedistant station, a switch controlled by the receiver, a switchcontrolled by the transmitter, local-circuit connections between theswitches whereby when the transmitter is inoperative and the receiver isready for reception, the line-circuit is completed by the switchesthrough the electromagnetic device starting the receiver, and when thereceiver is out of operation and the transmitter transmitting, theline-circuit is completed by the switches through the electromagneticdevice for automatically arresting the transmitter.

5. In an automatic telegraph, an organization at one station comprisingthe combination of a receiver adapted to be automatically started andstopped by current received from a distant station and having anelectromagnetic starting device and an electromagnetic stopping device,atransmitter, a switch controlled by the receiver, a switch controlledby the transmitter, local-circuit connections between the switches and acircuit connection between the receiver-switch and the receiver-stoppingdevice, whereby when the transmitter is inoperative the line-circuit iscompleted by the switches through the electromagnetic starting device ofthe receiver to start the'receiver, which, when thrown into operation,operates its switch to cut the starting device out of and include thestopping device in the line-circuit.

6. In an automatic telegraph, an organization at one station comprisinga receiver adapted to be automatically started and stopped by currentsreceived from a distant station and having an electromagnetic startingdevice and i an electromagnetic stopping device, a transmitter adaptedto be automatically arrested by current received from the distantstation and having an electromagnetic arresting clevice, a switchcontrolled by the receiver, a switch controlled by the transmitter,local-circuit connections between the switches including thereceiver-starting device and a circuit connection between thereceiver-switch and the receiver-stopping devicewhereby, when thetransmitter is inoperative, the line-circuit is completed by theswitches through the receiver-starting device and, when the receiver isthrown into operation, the starting device is cut out of and thestoppingdevice included in the line-circuit; and, when the receiver isinactive and the transmitter is in operation, the line-circuit iscompleted by the switches through the transmitter-arresting device.

7. In an automatic telegraph, a recordingreceiver adapted to beautomatically started and stopped by current received from adistantstation and comprising the combination of recording devices, anelectromagnetic start ing device included in the normal circuit of theline, an electromagnetic stopping device normally disconnected from theline-circuit, and a switch and circuit connections which, when thereceiver is started, operate to cut the starting device out of andintroduce the stopping device intothe line-circuit in series with therecording devices.

8. In an automatic telegraph, a chemical receiver adapted to beautomatically started and stopped by currentreceived from a distantstation and comprising the combination of a recording or marking finger,means for drawing the chemically-prepared tape past the finger incontact therewith, a starting-magnet included in the normal circuit ofthe line, a stopping-magnet included in the circuit connection in serieswith the recording-finger, and a switch controlled by the receiver,whereby, when the receiver is thrown into operation, the starting-magnetis disconnected from the line and the recording-finger andstopping-magnet are connected in the linecircuit.

9. In an automatic telegraph, a chemical receiver comprising thecombination of a nonmetallic surface over and in contact with which theprepared receiving-tape passes, a recording-finger and non markingfinger which bear upon the tape passing over said surface.

10. In an automatic telegraph, a chemical receiver comprising thecombination of a nonmetallic surface over and in contact with which thepreparedtape passes, a recordingfingerbearing on the tape andnon-marking fingers arranged on both sides of the recording-finger andalso bearing upon the tape.

11. In an automatic telegraph, a chemical receiver comprising thecombination of a metallic surface over and in contact with which theprepared tape passes, a recording-finger bearing upon the tape andnon-marking fingersbearing upon the tape on each side of therecording-finger and having rounded or upturned ends for the purpose setforth.

12. In an automatic telegraph employing a perforated transmitting-tape,the insulated transmitting-fingers, a battery and circuit connections ofdifferent resistance connecting the battery and respectivetransmittingfingers.

13. In an automatic telegraph employing a perforated transmitting-tape,a transmittinggenerator, transmitting devices operating through theperforations of the tape, and means whereby a transmitted impulseincreases to a maximum and then declines.

14:. In an automatic telegraph, a transmitter employing atransmitting-tape perforated in two rows, signal-transmitting devicesarranged on opposite sides of the tape and adapted to make contactthrough the perforations in both rows, those on .one side of the teryand each having an arresting-magnet in the line-circuit, and thetransmitter having means for sending a prolonged impulse of current whentraverse of the tape through the transmitter is completed to energizeboth said magnets and arrest both instruments.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name.

PATRICK B. DELANY.

WVitnesses:

W. A. S'IAHLIN, GEO. H. RUDOLPH.

